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Be Part of Research - Trial Details - Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes

Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes

Medical Conditions

Type 1 diabetes with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia


This information is provided directly by researchers, and we recognise that it isn't always easy to understand. We are working with researchers to improve the accessibility of this information. In some summaries, you may come across links to external websites. These websites will have more information to help you better understand the study.


People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk of complications that can be minimized by maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Of particular concern to people with T1D is hypoglycemia, in which blood glucose levels drop below normal and can lead to sweating, confusion, excessive hunger and in some cases, coma. On average, a person with T1D has two episodes of hypoglycemia per week and one or more episodes per year of severe hypoglycemia, defined as requiring third-party assistance. In addition, a person who has experienced repeated hypoglycemic events over the years is at risk of becoming less aware of the oncoming symptoms, which places the person at greater risk. This phenomenon is called impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) and affects 20-25% of individuals with T1D. Therefore, this study aims to compare hybrid closed loop (HCL) devices with psycho-educational programs to determine which can reduce the occurrence of IAH events. An HCL system, also known as an artificial pancreas, consists of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), an insulin pump, and an algorithm that automatically manages insulin delivery.

Start dates may differ between countries and research sites. The research team are responsible for keeping the information up-to-date.  

The recruitment start and end dates are as follows:

27 May 2025 30 Jun 2027

A participant will be assigned to an intervention that consists of an HCL device and/or a psycho-educational program. After 12 months on the intervention, the investigators will determine whether the intervention has been effective in reducing the occurrence of IAH events. If yes, then the participant will continue with that intervention for months 13-24. If no, then the participant will be assigned an alternative intervention for months 13-24. Thus, a participant will be asked to continue in the study for 24 months, during which time there will be nine in-person clinic visits and 11 telephone/videoconference contacts.


Patients aged 18-75 years who have been clinically diagnosed with T1D for at least 10 years and have experienced impaired awareness of hypoglycemic events

You can take part if:



You may not be able to take part if:


1. Medical conditions that limit participation in study activities, as determined by the PI (including but not limited to cognitive dysfunction, reduced hearing, reduced vision, cancer under active treatment, untreated angina, and organ failure)2. Active alcohol or drug abuse, as defined by DSM criteria of either2.1. Recurrent use of alcohol/drugs resulting in a failure to fulfil major role obligations at work, school, or home2.2. Recurrent alcohol/drug use in situations in which it is physically hazardous, or2.3. Recurrent alcohol or drug-related legal problems4. Social determinants of health that limit participation in study activities, as determined by the PI (including but not limited to homelessness, food insecurity, and inadequate social support)5. Seizure disorder unrelated to hypoglycemia-associated seizures, unless documented seizure-free for >12 months and on a stable regimen of anticonvulsant therapy6. Skin conditions that would preclude the use of a CGM7. Super-physiologic exposure to steroids within one month of enrollment8. eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m29. History of bariatric surgery that irreversibly alters gut innervation and structure10. Hyper- or hypokalemia (serum potassium >5.5 or <3.5 mmol/L)*11. Hemoglobin <10 g/dL*12. Medical condition that requires intermittent or continuous use of glucocorticoids at greater than physiological replacement doses13. Pregnancy, plan for pregnancy, or breastfeeding14. Abnormal thyroid function tests of clinical significance, as determined by PI*15. Liver transaminases >3 times the upper limit of normal*16. Hospitalization for mental illness in the last year17. History of adrenalectomy* At the discretion of the PI, laboratory tests may be repeated once. If the participant is not eligible after the second attempt, then the participant may be screened again.


Below are the locations for where you can take part in the trial. Please note that not all sites may be open.

  • University of California, San Diego
    Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (ACTRI) 9452 Medical Center Dr. L1W-515
    La Jolla, CA
    92037
  • AdventHealth
    Research Institute 301 East Princeton St.
    Orlando, Florida
    32804
  • University of Kentucky
    Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Room 233 760 Press Ave.
    Lexington, Kentucky
    40508
  • University of Minnesota
    Medical School MMC 194 Mayo 420 Delaware St. SE
    Minneapolis, MN
    55455
  • University of Pennslyvania
    Perelman School of Medicine 12-134 Smilow Center for Translational Research 3400 Civic Center Blvd.
    Philadelphia
    19104
  • University of Leicester
    Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital Gwendolen Rd.
    Leicester
    LE5 4PW
  • University of Sheffield
    School of Medicine and Biosciences Beech Hill Road Room FU24
    Sheffield
    S10 2RX
  • University of Melbourne
    St Vincent’s Hospital 35 Victoria Pde.
    Fitzroy, Victoria
    3065

The potential benefits of the CLEAR trial are that participants can learn the approach that works best for them in identifying and responding to hypoglycemic events. The risks from study participation include potential skin reactions where the continuous glucose monitor needle is inserted, potential bruising from blood draws (venipuncture), and the potential for hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events.


The study is sponsored by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and funded by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.




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Read full details for Trial ID: ISRCTN74214605

Or CPMS 63897

Last updated 03 April 2025

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