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Contact the study team using the details below to take part. If there are no contact details below please ask your doctor in the first instance.

Contact Information:

Ms Claire Davies
+44 (0)113 3430281
Sterling@leeds.ac.uk


Dr Sarah Mackie
+44 (0)113 3938336
s.l.mackie@leeds.ac.uk


More information about this study, what is involved and how to take part can be found on the study website.

Study Location:

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Be Part of Research - Trial Details - Steroid-Reducing Options for ReLapsING PMR (STERLING-PMR)

Steroid-Reducing Options for ReLapsING PMR (STERLING-PMR)

Medical Conditions

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)


This information is provided directly by researchers, and we recognise that it isn't always easy to understand. We are working with researchers to improve the accessibility of this information. In some summaries, you may come across links to external websites. These websites will have more information to help you better understand the study.


Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disease affecting older people that causes pain and stiffness in the muscles in the shoulders, neck, hips and thighs. It is treated with (cortico)steroid medication. As the steroid dose reduces, symptoms may return or worsen (relapse), needing an increase in dose. Steroid treatment often lasts over 2 years; long-term steroids have serious health risks and the best indicator of these risks is the total (cumulative) steroid dose given throughout the illness. Some patients are referred to rheumatology; these patients are often prescribed additional medications called DMARDs (such as methotrexate [MTX] or leflunomide [LEF]), which help control inflammation and reduce the need for steroids. However, only 6% of NHS patients are given MTX and even fewer are given LEF. With regular blood monitoring, DMARDs are very safe and do not have the same long-term toxicity that steroids do. The aim of this study is to find out whether there is an added benefit of DMARDs in relapsing PMR.

Start dates may differ between countries and research sites. The research team are responsible for keeping the information up-to-date.  

The recruitment start and end dates are as follows:

25 Jan 2024 24 Jan 2026

All patients will continue gradual steroid reduction guided by their GP. Half of them, chosen at random, will also start MTX (this can be switched to LEF if there are side effects from MTX). The researchers will follow up patients for 18 months. Every month, they will ask participants to record their current steroid dose using a questionnaire. Every 3 months they will complete extra questionnaires about their health and their use of healthcare services. The researchers will calculate the total amount of steroid taken over 18 months and compare the group allocated to DMARD to the group not allocated to DMARD. They will also test whether adding DMARD controls PMR better and improves the chances of stopping steroids. Health economic analysis will help the researchers understand whether everything involved in prescribing DMARD for relapsing PMR would be a cost-effective and viable approach for the NHS.


Patients aged 18 years and over with PMR who have relapsed at least once in the past

You can take part if:



You may not be able to take part if:


1. Contraindication to tapering steroid dose, or to methotrexate therapy2. Women who are currently pregnant or lactating or planning to become pregnant in the next 2 years3. Women of child-bearing potential (WCBP) or men unwilling to use an effective birth control measure (Appendix 2) whilst receiving treatment (either methotrexate or leflunomide) and for an appropriate period after the last dose of protocol treatment (6 months in the case of methotrexate, applicable for both male participants and women of childbearing potential [WCBP]). In the case of male participants the contraceptive measures can be taken by either themselves or their female partners4. A medical condition other than PMR that has required >2 courses of systemic glucocorticoid treatment lasting 5 days or more, or any course lasting 30 days or more, during the year prior to randomization5. Giant cell arteritis (previous or current)6. Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or spondyloarthritis (previous or current)7. At the baseline visit active infection of sufficient severity to be a contra-indication to commencing methotrexate8. Treatment with trimethoprim or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) at the time of the baseline assessments9. Active gastric ulcer at the baseline visit10. Known prior history of a significant immunodeficiency syndrome, defined as an immunodeficiency severe enough to cause recurrent infections of sufficient frequency or severity to preclude DMARD treatment11. Known prior history of hereditary galactose intolerance, hereditary total lactase deficiency or hereditary disorder of glucose-galactose malabsorption12. Other medical condition that is severe enough to seriously compromise evaluation of the primary or key secondary endpoints13. Treatment with any immunosuppressive therapy (conventional synthetic, targeted synthetic or biological DMARD) within 3 months prior to randomisation14. Treatment with any investigational drug in the last 4 months prior to the start of protocol treatment15. Unable to complete essential study procedures and communicate with study staff independently16. Participants must NOT fulfil any of the following within 6 weeks prior to baseline: Haemoglobin <10.0 g/dL; total white cell count <3.5 x 10e9/L; absolute neutrophil count <1.5 x 10e9/L; platelet count <100 x 10e9; ALT (alanine aminotransferase) or AST >2 x upper limit of reference range for the laboratory conducting the test, eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) <30 ml/min17. Evidence of respiratory disease on chest radiograph (performed during screening or within the 6 months prior to screening) of sufficient severity to be a contra-indication to commencing methotrexate Footnote 2: Contraindication to MTX includes comorbidities such as severe respiratory disease or chronic infections.


Below are the locations for where you can take part in the trial. Please note that not all sites may be open.

  • Freeman Road Hospital
    Freeman Road High Heaton
    Newcastle upon Tyne
    NE7 7DN
  • James Cook University Hospital
    Marton Road
    Middlesbrough
    TS4 3BW
  • Luton and Dunstable University Hospital
    Lewsey Road
    Luton
    LU4 0DZ
  • Basildon University Hospital
    Nethermayne
    Basildon
    SS16 5NL
  • Russells Hall Hospital
    Pensnett Road
    Dudley
    DY1 2HQ
  • Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital
    Colney Lane Colney
    Norwich
    NR4 7UY
  • Torbay Hospital
    Lowes Bridge
    Torquay
    TQ2 7AA
  • Christchurch Hospital
    Fairmile Road
    Christchurch
    BH23 2JX
  • Inverclyde Royal Hospital
    Larkfield Road
    Greenock
    PA16 0XN
  • Chapel Allerton Hospital
    Harehills Lane
    Leeds
    LS7 4RB
  • Southend University Hospital
    Prittlewell Chase
    Westcliff-On-Sea
    SS0 0RY
  • Royal Lancaster Infirmary
    Medical Wards Ashton Road
    Lancaster
    LA1 4RP
  • Royal Cornwall Hospital
    Infirmary Hill
    Truro
    TR1 2JA
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn
    Gayton Road Queen Elizabeth Hospital Site
    King's Lynn
    PE30 4ET
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital
    Woodville Road
    Adelaide
    5011
  • Austin Health
    Studley Road Victoria
    Melbourne
    3084

The researchers have designed the study to reflect good clinical practice and the latest guidelines on how to treat PMR. The study team at the hospital have been selected for their expertise and knowledge about PMR and its treatment. It is hoped that by taking part, participants will receive the best of both worlds – good GP care and good hospital care. By taking part, they will also contribute to raising awareness and improving medical and scientific knowledge about PMR. This is very valuable in itself, because so few research studies have been done into PMR compared to other rheumatic conditions.
There will be four hospital visits and seven follow-up phone calls as part of taking part in the study. Using phone calls to maintain communication with the participants will minimise the burden of attending clinical visits at the secondary care site.
Patients may experience some side effects that could be deemed mild or more serious. A list of the known side effects of the study drugs are highlighted in the Patient Information Sheet. Patients will be having DMARD monitoring blood tests on a regular basis and therefore will be monitored very closely. Many drug interactions noted in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) relate principally to high-dose MTX, rather than the low-dose MTX used in this study and in standard rheumatology practice. The SmPC is generic, so it has not been updated recently. There is new research to indicate liver and lung problems are early and short-lived, and long-term effects are highly unusual, and the latest data will be used to help inform decisions alongside the SmPC.
There are monthly steroid use questionnaires and eight health economic/quality of life questionnaires for the participant to complete. Patients living with PMR confirmed that short and long-term health-related quality of life was a key consideration in their own decision-making around their own PMR treatment. They advised that monthly patient-reported outcomes (in the form of questionnaires) would not be excessively burdensome.
There are blood samples required as part of the study. The blood required for all the different tests will be taken in one blood sample per visit. The aim is to minimise the number of samples taken, to minimise discomfort to the patient.
Patients will be monitored frequently and will also have the contact details of the secondary care site so they can make contact with queries or concerns. If methotrexate is not tolerated by the participant, their dose can be reduced or they can be switched to leflunomide to potentially help minimise the side effects of treatment. If leflunomide is not tolerated, participants will stop taking DMARD altogether and will continue with usual care (steroid treatment only).
As part of the study, participants may undergo X-ray imaging of the chest at screening, although imaging obtained within the preceding 6 months is acceptable if no evidence of interstitial lung disease, tuberculosis or active infection was observed. Exposure to radiation can cause cancer, which usually takes some years to develop. For a 50-60-year-old individual in normal health, the estimated lifetime risk of developing cancer through taking part in the study is 1 in 900,000. The risk decreases with age.

Ms Claire Davies
+44 (0)113 3430281
Sterling@leeds.ac.uk


Dr Sarah Mackie
+44 (0)113 3938336
s.l.mackie@leeds.ac.uk



More information about this study, what is involved and how to take part can be found on the study website.


The study is sponsored by University of Leeds; University of Adelaide and funded by Health Technology Assessment Programme.




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Read full details for Trial ID: ISRCTN17828080

Or CPMS 57926

Last updated 09 January 2025

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